![]() ![]() In Hesiod's Theogony (c. 730 – 700 BC), Cronus, after castrating his father Uranus, becomes the supreme ruler of the cosmos, and weds his sister Rhea, by whom he begets three daughters and three sons: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and lastly, "wise" Zeus, the youngest of the six. Mythology Birth " Cave of Zeus", Mount Ida, Crete Some epithets are the surviving names of local gods who were consolidated into the myth of Zeus. Zeus was called by numerous alternative names or surnames, known as epithets. While Lactantius wrote that he was called Zeus and Zen, not because he is the giver of life, but because he was the first who lived of the children of Cronus. ĭiodorus Siculus wrote that Zeus was also called Zen, because the humans believed that he was the cause of life (zen). This etymology, along with Plato's entire method of deriving etymologies, is not supported by modern scholarship. Plato, in his Cratylus, gives a folk etymology of Zeus meaning "cause of life always to all things", because of puns between alternate titles of Zeus ( Zen and Dia) with the Greek words for life and "because of". The earliest attested forms of the name are the Mycenaean Greek □□, di-we and □□, di-wo, written in the Linear B syllabic script. Zeus is the only deity in the Olympic pantheon whose name has such a transparent Indo-European etymology. In both the Greek and Albanian forms the original cluster *di̯ underwent affrication to *dz. ![]() Albanian Zoj-z is also a cognate of Zeus. The god is known under this name in the Rigveda ( Vedic Sanskrit Dyaus/Dyaus Pita), Latin (compare Jupiter, from Iuppiter, deriving from the Proto-Indo-European vocative * dyeu-ph 2tēr), deriving from the root * dyeu- ("to shine", and in its many derivatives, "sky, heaven, god"). Zeus is the Greek continuation of * Di̯ēus, the name of the Proto-Indo-European god of the daytime sky, also called * Dyeus ph 2tēr ("Sky Father"). Diogenes Laërtius quotes Pherecydes of Syros as spelling the name Ζάς. It is inflected as follows: vocative: Ζεῦ ( Zeû) accusative: Δία ( Día) genitive: Διός ( Diós) dative: Διί ( Dií). The god's name in the nominative is Ζεύς ( Zeús). In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical "cloud-gatherer" ( Greek: Νεφεληγερέτα, Nephelēgereta) also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus' symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. He was respected as a sky father who was chief of the gods and assigned roles to the others: "Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence." He was equated with many foreign weather gods, permitting Pausanias to observe "That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men". These resulted in many divine and heroic offspring, including Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses. Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades. ![]() According to the Theogony, Zeus' first wife was Metis, by whom he had Athena. At the oracle of Dodona, his consort was said to be Dione, by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite. In most traditions, he is married to Hera, by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Eileithyia, Hebe, and Hephaestus. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach. ![]() His name is cognate with the first syllable of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. Zeus ( / zj uː s/ Ancient Greek: Ζεύς) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion and mythology, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains special characters. ![]()
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